Essay --

There are many drug cartels in the country of Mexico, but one of the most powerful drug trafficking organization in the world being the Sinaloa Cartel. A drug trafficking, money laundering, and organized crime group that still remains the strongest in the country and has the largest presence nationwide. It was founded in 1989 in the city of Culiacan, Sinaloa. The youngest city just up the northwest of Mexico. Not only is it known as the Sinaloa Cartel, it was also known as La Alianza de Sangre, meaning Blood Alliance. Hector Palma, a drug lord that was in charge of the cartel was arrested in the year of 1995 and passed it on to one of his well known business partner, Joaquin â€Å"El Chapo† Guzman. In that time period, he took leadership and is now currently running it. He is considered to be the second generation of drug smugglers along with many other individuals such as Rafael Quintero, Ernesto Carrillo, and Miguel Gallardo. These second generations were brought to the cartel through connections from family relations, especially Joaquin â€Å"El Chapo† Guzman. The first generation dates b...

Managing Change

In any organization change is something which is inevitable therefore it is the responsibility of the manager of any given organization to ensure that the change is managed effectively.   One major mistake managers do make is that most of their times they tend to impose the change in the organization such that every employee has to abide by it.   The point is, we have to understand that change does occur but employees have to be made to go through the change gradually. Basically a change cannot take place at once; it is something which has to come gradually.   Therefore managers should not assume that once a change is started then every employee is to use the common sense to know that the change is either taking place or has taken place. What is important before change is adopted and incorporated in daily operating procedures of an organization is the individual differences in the organization.   This will help managers improve their leadership styles especially in institutions where democracy prevails.   In any business environment the main aim is to maximize the profit and minimization of losses.   If the change is going to bring positive results then it is as good as a rest. Before any restructuring or change take place in an organization, I believe it is good to understand why the change takes place, where it is from and the target group of people it is to affect.   This is because in problem solving situation, the root cause of the problem has to be identified is when possible solutions are identified.   Individual employees operating in the organization has to be made aware of the change and things explained to them more widely. The following are some of its methods followed in individual change process according to Robert Bacal(nd).   Generally there are three phases that are followed for change to take place.   The first phase is the preparation phase which is subdivided into two stages, namely: the contact and awareness stage. The contact stage is the beginning of change process. It is the sensing or predicting that change is either taking place or has taken place.   It is the preliminary state of change process.   The awareness stage is where an individual in an organization become well informed about the change.   The change is being contemplated in this stage.   The second phase of change is the acceptance phase which is also subdivided into understanding stage and positive perception stage. The understanding stage is where the individual is to conceptualize the subject matter that is analysis of the change.   This helps one to understand its nature and why it occurs. It can only take place when a detailed research has taken place.   The positive perception stage then takes place.   This is where an individual is made to view the change positively for it will help the organization improve the results it produces. Results in this case may be products produced by a company or services provided.   For this to happen change has to be given positive judgment and perception. The last phase in change process is commitment phase, which is further subdivided into four stages namely: the installation, adoption, institutionalization and internalization stage.   The installation stage is very important because it deals with the implementation of the change.   Question like how are people made to accept the change is very important.   A change which is not effectively managed will be rejected. So this becomes a crucial stage when it comes to change process.   Installation has to do with ensuring the change works in the organization and all the resources has to be used. After implementation, the change is then adopted. In the adoption stage, change now becomes something that everyone in organization is used to.   Could be its positive effects has been seen or   it might have added some value to the organization therefore   it is worthy.   The third stage in this phase is the stage of institutionalization.   The change is now taken to have a long history and regarded to be useful to the organization. It is viewed as durable, having some value and therefore it is incorporated into the daily operating procedures of the organization.   The change is made official and unanimously accepted in the running of the organization.   The last stage is the internalization where each individual is suppose to be dedicated to change.   This is because the change now becomes something which has been tested, experimented, tried and trusted by the organization. Any change should be made clear to the whole group of employees in a business organization.   This is when the employees will have faith in their leader.   It is believed that team work is the key element for good results to be obtained.   So dealing with individuals in an organization means the leader/ manager is trying to use divide and rule method and this will demoralize employees.   So for spirit of team work to be maintained things must just be done together and discussed. The change in this case must be known to everybody so that they can react to it before implementing it or else some members will not be comfortable with the change.   Piloting should be done before the actual implementation to judge whether it will bring negative or positive impact to the organization.   The feelings and interest of employees must just be considered because they always work as a team. Sources of information also matters a lot in any organization.   For example rumors spreading will confuse and misdirect the employees.   This normally occurs when information is leaked to a click of individuals.   The information should be made official from the top most person preferably the manager.   Otherwise when it comes to large companies, top most managers tend to use mass media such as television and radio system this is because the information is targeting  Ã‚   a large number of people and very much effective when the information is to be passed very fast. In conclusion effects of change will largely depend on how effective the change was implemented and the managers’ ability to ensure that the employees take the change more positively.   Therefore, he has to know the feelings and interests of employees before change take place.   He also needs to explain in time why the change is necessary. Bibliography Luecke R. (2003) Managing Change and Transition.Havard Business School press Gianna M., Enach & Herbert W. (1998) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism.Routledge:Taylor&Francis Group publishers Peter E. & Amanda C. (1999) Managing Change: Changing the Role of Top Public Servants. Commonwealth Secretariat publishers. Ingham, G. (2000) Managing Change: A Guide to British Economic Policy.Manchester

Imperfetto Italian Imperfect Tense

â€Å"Every Sunday, when I was a kid, my nonna cooked us a big dinner.† How do you express that sentiment in Italian? It’s something that happened in the past, but since it was something that happened often, you wouldn’t use the present perfect, or il passato prossimo. In this and similar cases, which we’ll discuss throughout this article, you would use the imperfect tense. Lucky for you, this tense, l’imperfetto, is formed by adding the same endings to all three conjugations. The only difference is the typical vowel of the infinitive. What’s more, you should know that the imperfect tense is much more frequently used in Italian than in English. It expresses the English used to and is used to describe actions or conditions that lasted an indefinite time in the past. Its also used to express a habitual action in the past and to describe time, age, and weather in the past. So if you like telling stories, it’s a critical tense to learn. Adverbial Expressions That Are Commonly Used With the Imperfect Tense: a volte - at times, sometimescontinuamente - continuouslygiorno dopo giorno - day in and day outogni tanto - once in awhilesempre - alwaysspesso spesso - again and againtutti i giorni - every day How to Conjugate Regular Verbs in the Imperfect Tense Mangiare - To eat (regular verbs with -are endings) Mangiavo - I ate Mangiavamo - We ate Mangiavi - You ate Mangiavate - You (all) ate Mangiava - He/she/it ate Mangiavano - They ate Finire - To finish (regular verbs with -ire endings) Finivo - I finished Finivamo - We finished Finivi - You finished Finivate - You (all) finished Finiva - He/she/it finished Finivano - They finished Prendere - To take, to get (regular verbs with -ere endings) Prendevo - I took Prendevamo - We took Prendevi - You took Prendevate - You (all) took Prendeva - He/she/it took Prendevano - They took Using Common, Irregular Verbs Essere - To be Ero - I was Eravamo - We were Eri - You were Eravate - You (all) were Era - He/she/it was Erano - They were Fare - To do/to make Facevo - I did Facevamo - We did Facevi - You did Facevate - You (all) did Faceva - He/she/it did Facevano - They did Dire - To say, to tell Dicevo - I said Dicevamo - We said Dicevi - You said Dicevate - You (all) said Diceva - He/she/it said Dicevano - They said Examples Using L’imperfetto: Ogni domenica, quando ero un bambino/a, mia nonna ci preparava una splendida cena.  Every Sunday, when I was a kid, my nonna cooked us a big dinner.Giocavo a calcio ogni pomeriggio.  I played soccer every afternoon.Quando ero piccolo/a, mangiavo la pasta ogni giorno. When I was a kid, I ate pasta every day.La settimana scorsa, era (c’era) un tempo bellissimo!  Last week, it was really beautiful weather!Loro credevano sempre a tutto.  They always believed everything.Volevamo andare in Italia. We wanted to go to Italy.Il cielo era sempre blu.  The sky was always blue.Ogni mattina, prendevo un bel cappuccino e un cornetto vuoto. Every morning, I got a cappuccino and a plain croissant.Nel 2000, avevo quarant’anni.  In 2000, I was forty years old.Mi ricordo quello che diceva sempre mio padre: â€Å"Guarda il ceppo†!  I remember what my dad always used to say: â€Å"Take a look at the log†! (figurative the family)

How Is Geometry Used in Architecture

Architecture could be said to begin with geometry. Since earliest times, builders relied on imitating natural forms—like the circular Stonehenge in Britain—and then applied mathematical principles to standardize and replicate the forms. The Beginnings The Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria is considered the first to write down all the rules related to geometry in 300 BCE. Later, in about 20 BCE, the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius penned more rules in his De Architectura, or Ten Books on Architecture. Vitruvius is responsible for all the geometry in todays built environment—at least he was the first to write down the proportions for how structures should be constructed. Renaissance Popularity It wasnt until centuries later, during the Renaissance, that interest in Vitruvius became popular. Cesare Cesariano (1475-1543) is considered the first architect to translate Vitruvius work from Latin into Italian in about 1520 CE. Decades earlier, however, the Italian Renaissance artist and architect Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) sketched out the Vitruvian Man in his notebook, making da Vincis the iconic image imprinted onto our consciousness. The images of the Vitruvian Man are inspired by the works and writings of Vitruvius. The man portrayed represents the human being. The circles, squares, and ellipses that surround the figures are Vitruvian calculations of mans physical geometry. Vitruvius was the first to write his observations about the human body—that the symmetry of two eyes, two arms, two legs, and two breasts must be an inspiration of the gods. Models of Proportion and Symmetry Vitruvius believed that builders should always use precise ratios when constructing temples. For without symmetry and proportion no temple can have a regular plan, Vitruvius wrote. The symmetry and proportion in design that Vitruvius recommended in  De Architectura were modeled after the human body. Vitruvius observed that all human beings are shaped according to a ratio that is astonishingly precise and uniform. For example, Vitruvius found that the human face equals one-tenth of the total body height. The foot equals one-sixth of the total body height. And so on. Scientists and philosophers later discovered that the same ratio Vitruvius saw in the human body—1 to phi (ÃŽ ¦) or 1.618—exists in every part of nature, from swimming fish to swirling planets. Sometimes called a golden ratio or divine ratio, the Vitruvian divine proportion has been called the building block of all life and the hidden code in architecture. Geometry in Our Environment Sacred geometry, or spiritual geometry, is the belief that numbers and patterns such as the divine ratio have sacred significance. Many mystical and spiritual practices begin with a fundamental belief in sacred geometry. Architects and designers may draw upon concepts of sacred geometry when they choose particular geometric forms to create pleasing, soul-satisfying spaces. The following examples of geometry in the environment frequently influence architectural design. The BodyWhen studied under the microscope, living cells reveal a highly ordered system of shapes and patterns. From the double helix shape of your DNA to the cornea of your eye, every part of your body follows the same predictable patterns. Gardens The jigsaw puzzle of life is made up of recurring shapes and numbers. Leaves, flowers, seeds, and other living things share the same spiral shapes. Pine cones and pineapples, in particular, are composed of mathematical spirals. Honeybees and other insects live structured lives that mimic these patterns. When we create a floral arrangement or walk through a labyrinth we celebrate nature’s innate forms. Stones Nature’s archetypes are reflected in the crystalline forms of gems and stones. Amazingly, the patterns found in your diamond engagement ring may resemble the formation of snowflakes and the shape of your own cells. The practice of stacking stones is a primitive, spiritual activity. The SeaSimilar shapes and numbers are found beneath the sea, from the swirl of a nautilus shell to the movement of the tides. Surface waves themselves are patterned, like waves that pulse through air. Waves have mathematical properties all their own. The HeavensNature’s patterns are echoed in the movement of planets and stars and the cycles of the moon. Perhaps this is why astrology lies at the heart of so many spiritual beliefs. MusicThe vibrations we call sound follow sacred, archetypal patterns. For this reason, you may find that certain sound sequences can stimulate the intellect, inspire creativity, and evoke a deep sense of joy. The Cosmic GridStonehenge, megalithic tombs, and other ancient sites stretch across the globe along underground electromagnetic tracks or ley lines. The energy grid formed by these lines suggests sacred shapes and ratios. TheologyBest-selling author Dan Brown has made a lot of money by using the concepts of sacred geometry to weave a spell-binding tale about conspiracy and early Christianity. Browns books are pure fiction and have been hotly criticized. But even when we dismiss The Da Vinci Code as a tall tale, we cant dismiss the importance of numbers and symbols in religious faith. Concepts of sacred geometry are expressed in the beliefs of Christians, Jews, Hindus, Muslims, and other formal religions. Geometry and Architecture From the pyramids in Egypt to the new World Trade Center tower in New York City, great architecture uses the same essential building blocks as your body and all living things. In addition, the principles of geometry are not confined to great temples and monuments. Geometry shapes all buildings, no matter how humble. Believers say that when we recognize geometric principles and build upon them, we create dwellings that comfort and inspire. Perhaps this is the idea behind the architects conscious use of divine proportion like  Le Corbusier did for the United Nations building.

Teen Pregnancy - 1426 Words

Introduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, Reid, Plax Drake, 2015). Risk factors of teen pregnancy lead to risky behaviors that increase the likelihood of teen pregnancy. Primary risk factors for teen pregnancy include: poverty, low socioeconomic status, limited maternal education†¦show more content†¦Interventions have shown to address issues related to adolescent sexual behavior such as reducing sexual partners, reducing unprotected sexual intercourse and decreasing teen pregnancy. Healthy Teen Transition is a teen outreach program, it is an intervention program that is offered in schools, after school programs and community settings. Healthy Teen Transitions teen outreach program overall goal is to help adolescents build relationships with supportive adults, build interpersonal skills and critical thinking. In efforts that adolescents will develop a positive view of their future through various opportunities and experiences while in the program (Walsh et al, 2016). Physical Development According to researchers Patel Sen (2012), teen pregnancy can result in severe physical health issues. Researchers conducted a study that examined the physical and mental health outcomes associated with teen pregnancy. Teen mothers were reported to have the poorest health of all women examined in the study. Teen mothers’ poor health may be linked to lack of education in prenatal and postnatal care. Teen mothers may neglect their own physical health in efforts to care for their child. Teen mothers’ physical health problems may be linked to lack of financial resources for adequate food, nutrition, and medication (Patel Sen, 2012). There has been little research that has examined teen pregnancy and theShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1023 Words   |  5 PagesDoes access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy? Adolescent pregnancies remain a concern in public health worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that annually about 16 million girls between 15 and 19 give birth. Indeed, in many countries policies and programs are developed and implemented for the prevention of teen pregnancy and reduction of risks and consequences it might cause. Furthermore, that a teenager becomes pregnant poses a risk to her health, her life and the fetusRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1246 Words   |  5 PagesA topic in American society that has proved to be an ongoing, and growing issue is that none other than teen pregnancy. In recent years, teen pregnancy rates have been increasing, which ultimately led to the topics increase of public and media attention. In American society teen pregnancy is often associated with negligence, as well as being irresponsible. In American society sex education for children is underdeveloped and instead society tends to use fear and shame to highlight/combat the dangersRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/or any other STD’s, and the effects on theRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a prominent dilemma in our nation because it continues to place adolescents into delinquency. According to the United States Health and Human Services, three out of ten American teen girls will become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of twenty. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies in a year (1) (HHS Pg.2 2014). Also according to U.S. Department of State, teen pregnancy budgets the United States and tax payers approximately seven billion dollars annually (2)Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesTerrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age. There are otherRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens1643 Words   |  7 PagesEvery teen has dream about how they want to graduate from high school and then go to college, but some teens are not willing to take the challenge. Some of these teens want to drop out of high school and other teens want to keep furthering their education. For some there are obstacle that life throw at them to be able to accomplish their goals. Earning an education is challenging enough, but when there is a teen parent trying to finish their education it becomes more difficult than it would beRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy905 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"16 and Pregnant†/ â€Å"Teen Mom† Promote or Discourage Teenage Pregnancy? (Agree/Promote) When it comes to the topic of do TV shows like â€Å"16 and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom† promote or discourage teenage pregnancy, most of us will readily agree that it in fact does promote teenage pregnancy. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how does this promote teenage pregnancy. Whereas some are convinced that it promotes teenage pregnancy through the fame some of the young couples haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens978 Words   |  4 Pagesare getting younger in age, and the birth rate is rising higher. Mississippi has the highest birth rates in teen pregnancy, and has held this title for the past few years. This problem has had such a rise to fame because this is a problem that can be prevented. Parents and communities should take action to help lower the teen pregnancy birth rate in Mississippi. Since the birth rate in teens is so high that means there is more need of government assistance. This becomes such a problem in states because

Taking the Risk Why It Matters free essay sample

What does taking a risk mean? It means stepping out of your comfort zone, and at times doing new things even if it terrifies you. One of the greatest risks I have ever taken was auditioning for my high schools fall play. Not only am I a person who has no performance experience, but I also stutter. The thought of performing in front of a large auditorium full of people terrified me. The reason I decided to audition was because I wanted to try something new and get involved in my schools theater program. On the day of the auditions, there was also a special acting workshop meant to warm us up. I walked into to the auditorium, and set my backpack down. I looked around and saw about twenty people, calmly getting ready. Soon we began special acting exercises such as the Machine where one person begins a motion and a sound, and others add on. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking the Risk: Why It Matters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then we split into partners to rehearse parts from the play. I was incredibly anxious. After I delivered some of the lines my thespian line partner said Oh and I noticed you were stuttering. Was that for dramatic effect or do you really stutter? I was speechless. When it came time to audition, I was feeling apprehensive. I was put into a group of five and paired up with a person for a scene out of the play. I stood on a piece of faux parquet floor, left from the latest play, surrounded by the pitch black walls of the drama performance center. Across from me the director and two of his assistants sat in metal chairs like a jury about to deliver its final verdict. Needless to say I was really worried about making a good impression on the director. In the scene I played the role of a male painter disguised as a woman, because he had faked his own death in order to gain millions. The comedic effect of the scene was enhanced by the fact that my scene partner was playing an evil picture dealer bent on marrying me (the woman). We said our lines and, amazingly, I didnt stutter. Nevertheless it was awkward pretending to try and seduce a guy. Then the director had us switch roles and I played the evil picture dealer. We went through it several times, and finally the audition was over. I was so relieved, not to mention embarrassed. I left the audition thinking Well that was a flop, but hey it was a good experience, and I can always do crew. The next Monday I got a call. I had made the play. I was cast as the King of France. I was ecstatic. It was a lot fun doing the play, and it did really well. It was clear to me: My stuttering couldnt prevent me from doing the things I wanted to do, and that taking risks (even if they embarrass you) is well worth the time and effort.

Speech Class Essays - Nonverbal Communication, Gesture, Actio

Speech Class I am one of those who suffer from butterflies, that uncomfortable feeling in my chest and stomach, before speaking in public. This is not only a problem for myself, but it is also a common fear and a concern for many people. My purpose is to denounce a few dynamics I feel have helped me to become a more effective speaker and to manage my butterflies. I will prove to you that strong body language makes ideas and feelings more clear, vigorous and engaging. First, I will show how eye contact unconsciously engages the audience. Second, I will prove that vocal emphasis is the key to a vigorous speech. Third, I will confirm that gestures reinforce the ideas of the speech, making the speech clearer to the audience. I am able to tell how well my audience is engaging through eye contact. Eye contact is not achieved by looking out the window, at the ceiling or floor, or at notes too often. Good eye contact does not mean looking over the heads of people or moving quickly from face to face, or even picking out and speaking mainly to one member of the audience who seems interested. Rather, eye contact means looking into the eyes of a member of the audience and holding the gaze for a moment or two and then looking at other members of the audience in the same way. Through eye contact a sense of interaction is enhanced. I have learned through presenting my speeches that eye contact allows me to get to know and appreciate my audience as individuals, as they are given an opportunity to get to know and appreciate me. By means of eye contact, I am able to make ideas and feelings more clear. I am able to determine if I am being understood. I can detect signs of interest or lack of comprehension. I feel that I must eye the audience to really engage communication. Our voices naturally convey feeling. When we suppress our emotions or exert strong will power to control our actions, our voice reflects such activity. We may appear calm and even manage a smile, but there is edginess to our voice that shows the tenseness. An effective voice reflects the speaker's true feelings about the idea. A voice that reflects the speaker's personal involvement is generally vigorous. According to Wilbur E. Gilman, a graduate of Queens College of the City University of New York and author of The Fundamentals of Speaking, the speaker who develops the skills to control his voice gives his words richer and fuller meanings, makes his ideas clearer and more emphatic, brings out contrast in thought, expresses a variety of feelings, heightens his climaxes and total effect. Hypothetically speaking, a moving object always attracts attention. This principle is true in public speaking in the sense that a speaker can always count on moving his vocal emphasis by lowering or r aising his voice to help him gain or hold the audience's attention. Vocal emphasis is valuable for punctuating the speech and providing variety. I feel that the effective voice is vibrant, forceful, and varied. A voice that is alive is filled with the excitement and enthusiasm, which the speaker feels. In Franklin Roosevelt's fireside chats, I can see the importance of vocal emphasis. Roosevelt's speaking on the radio seemed spontaneous and intimate, as though he was in the living room with his listening audience. Therefore, I feel that through modulating my voice, I am able to establish the mood I want and my ideas efficiently. Gestures reinforce the ideas of the speech and as a result add clarity to the speech. Gestures should be kept simple and natural, so that they add to the speech not detract from it. Our spontaneous gestures, which are simply a reflection of our inner feelings, stimulate others to feel as we do. There is an old saying Tie a German's hands and he cannot speak. I believe this saying is filled with truth when applied not to Germans alone, but also to speakers in general. Gestures aid in adding description to ideas. For instance, when the fisherman tells us with the use of his hands that he caught one so